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Jan. 7. The United States Supreme Court upholds the constitutionality of the Selective Draft Law.

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Jan. 28. The strength of the American contingent in France is placed by Secretary of War Baker at more than half a million men early in 1918, with perhaps one million five hundred thousand by the end of the year.

Jan. 29. An agreement is reached between the United States and Great Britain making draft laws applicable to aliens.

Jan. 31. It is learned that certain units of American can troops in France have completed I their period of instruction and training and have for some time occupied a section first-line trenches. 

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Jan. 13. German U-boat bombards Yarmouth.

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Jan. 21. Sir Edward Carson resigns from the War Cabinet in Great Britain, anticipating grave decisions by the government in matters of policy in Ireland. 

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Jan. 6. British retake ground near Bullecourt. Germans make slight gains against French.

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Jan. 11. French raids at Courcy and British raids at Loos.

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Jan. 13. Canadians raid German trenches at Lens.

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Jan. 23. Germans make strong attack near Nieuport and make so some gains, but are at once driven back.

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Jan. 30. A German air raid over Paris, involving four squadrons and the dropping of seventy large bombs, results in the death of forty-five persons; the Berlin official statement describes the occurrence as "our first systematic attack from the air." 

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Jan. 12. The armistice between Russia and Germany is prolonged for a month, at the request of the Russians.

Jan. 14. British air raid upon Karlsruhe. 

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Jan. 8. Italian batteries repulse a strong Austro-German attack on the Asiago Plateau.

Jan. 10. French repel German attacks.

Heavy snows stop fighting on the Italian front.

Jan. 11. Italian gains between Brenta and Piave rivers.

Jan. 12. Successful operations by British and Italian aviators against Teutons in Italy.

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Jan. 21. Supreme command of Austro-German forces on the Italian front is transferred from Archduke Eugene to General Borovich (who also passes over Field Marshal von Hoetzendorf).

Jan. 22. Repeated attacks by Teutons in the Trentino repulsed by Italians.

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Jan. 24. Italians repel attack at Cape Sile, and Teutons fall back at Monte Tomba because of French advance. 

Jan. 2. Further British gains in Palestine.

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Jan. 18. The long delayed Constituent Assembly is opened at Petrograd; M. Tchernoff (Minister of Agriculture in the Kerensky government) is elected chairman, defeating the Bolshevist candidate.

Jan. 19. The Russian Constituent Assembly is dissolved by the Lenine government, after one session characterized by heated discussion of peace terms.

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Jan. 23. Russian delegates to the peace conference at Brest-Litovsk announce their unanimous decision to reject the German terms.

Jan. 26. A third Congress of the Councils of Workmen's and Soldiers' Delegates of All Russia meets at Petrograd (with six hundred and twenty-five delegates).

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Jan. 29. Fighting on a large scale is reported between Bolshevist forces and Ukrainian troops at Lutsk, in Volhynia. 

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Jan. 20. In a naval engagement at the entrance to the Dardanelles, with British vessels, the former German cruiser Breslau (now Turkish) is sunk and the Goeben is driven ashore.

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Jan. 26. The Spanish steamer Giralda, engaged in coastwise trade, is sunk by a German submarine. 

Feb. 1. Major Gen. Peyton C. March made Chief of General Staff of United States Army.

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Feb. 15. President Wilson places embargo on all cargo space so as to insure movement of troops and war supplies to Europe. 

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Feb. 5. U-boats, since war began, have caused death of 14,120 British noncombatants, Bonar Law announces.

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Feb. 12. The eighth session of the longest Parliament in modern times opens in London. The British Government declines to recognize the Brest-Litovsk treaty of peace. 

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Feb. 9. Berlin reports capture of American troops east of St. Mihiel, Verdun sector. 

Feb. 1. Germany recognizes Ukraine.

Feb. 4. German labor upheaval virtually over, due to drastic steps taken by the military. 

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Feb. 9. Ukraine, one of Russian new republics, signs peace with Central Powers.

Feb. 11. Bolsheviki declare war with Central Powers at an end; troops ordered demobilized.

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Feb. 19. Germans resume invasion of Russia, occupying Dvinsk; new campaign designed to force peace on Russians.

Feb. 21. British forces in Palestine capture Jericho.

Feb. 25. Germans at Revel. 

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Feb. 7. British transport, the Tuscania, carrying 2179 American officers and men to France, torpedoed off Irish coast; 170 soldiers lost. 

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March 11. Secretary Baker reaches Paris, welcomed by Generals Pershing and Bliss and Ambassador Sharp.

President Wilson sends message to Congress of Soviets, expresses sympathy with Russian people; says United States will take every opportunity to secure for Russia complete sovereignty and independence.

March 18. Great Britain and United States take over Dutch shipping in United States and British ports. 

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March 7. German airplanes raid London at night, kill eleven, injure forty-six.

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March 12. Three Zeppelins raid northeast coast of England.

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March 27. Lloyd George appeals for American reinforcements. 

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March 11. First All-American raid on Germans is made in Toul sector.

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March 21. Great German drive against British begins with terrific bombardment over fifty-mile front from Arras to St. Quentin.

March 23. British defense broken at point west of St. Quentin, forcing withdrawal of battle line over wide front.

Paris bombarded by long-range German gun from distance of seventy-six miles.

March 24. Bapaume and Peronne lost.

March 25. French army comes to aid of British, taking over Noyon sector; Germans capture Peronne. Bapaume and other cities which figured prominently in Somme battle of 1916.

Germans capture Noyon, French troops evacuating position.

March 28. General Foch named by Versailles Allied War council as generalissimo of Entente forces. 

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March 4. Germany and Finland sign treaty.

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March 13. German Government announces American property in Germany will be seized in reprisal for seizing of German property in United States.

March 17. Germans announce Entente airmen made twenty-three attacks on German Rhine town since February; twelve persons killed; thirty-six injured; attacks made also on industrial districts in Lorraine, Luxemburg, Saar and Moselle.

British airmen attack barracks and railway station at Kaiserslautern, Bavaria. 

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March 9. Roumania signs preliminary treaty with Central Powers; give up Dobrudja to the Danube; agrees to certain economic measures and trade route to Black Sea. 

March 3. By treaty of peace with four Central Powers signed at Brest-Litovsk, Bolsheviki agree to evacuate Ukrania, Esthonia, and Livonia, Finland, the Aland Islands and Trans-Caucasian districts of Erivan, Kars and Batum.

March 9. Russian capital moves from Petrograd to Moscow.

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March 14. German troops occupy Odessa.

Russian Congress of Soviets ratifies peace treaty with Central Powers.

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March 28. British report destruction of entire Turkish army in Hit area, Mesopotamia, three thousand prisoners being taken. 

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March 20. World's shipping losses 11,827,572 tons, through U-boats, mines, etc., since war began, British Admiralty chief anpounces; new building, confiscated ships, etc., reduces actual losses to 1,632,297 tons; all Dutch shipping in American ports seized under international rights. 

April 3. War Council at Washington, D. C., announces that all available shipping will be used to rush troops to France. 

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April 12. The House of Commons passes the Man Power Bill, containing Irish conscription clause. The Irish Convention presents a divided report to the British Government; proposes Irish Parliament of two houses, the Nationalists offer forty per cent of membership to Unionists; to this the Ulster Unionists would not agree.

April 22. Bonar Law presents the budget in the House of Commons, calling for $14,860,000,000. 

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April 5. French bloodily repulse massed onslaughts by one hundred thousand Germans in Montdidier sector.

April 10. Germans, blocked in Amiens region, swing battle to the north in Flanders, attacking over twenty-five-mile front, capturing Armentieres salient.

April 13. British repulse heavy German attacks in Armentieres region.

Haig appeals to troops to stand where they are and hold lines at all costs.

April 15. Germans capture Messines heights; also Bailleul.

April 21. German picked troops penetrate American sector, penetrating as far as Siecheprey ---one and one-quarter miles, northwest of Toul, but are driven back in counter-attack.

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April 24. Battle for Amiens.

April 26. Germans capture Kemmel Hill, Flanders, one of important heights guarding Ypres. 

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April 8. Germany sends ultimatum, demanding the removal or disarmament of all Russian warships in Finnish waters by April 12. 

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April 15 - Count Czernin, Austrian Foreign Minister, quits. 

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April 13. Turks occupied Batum.

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April 27. Turks occupied Kara.

April 30. Germans at Viborg. 

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April 15. Admiral Beatty, British leader, raids German trawler fleet in Cattegat.

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April 23. British and naval squadrons raid Zeebrugge and Ostend, blocking U- boat channel with two ships loaded with cement; destroyers blow lock gates; the attack on Ostend was not so successful. 

May 1. Alien property taken over by American Government to date totals $280,000,000, Washington announces.

May 2. Secretary Baker asks Congress for power to raise unlimited number of troops.

May 3. Secretary Baker submits tentative minimum of six million men by July 1, 1920.

May 4. President Wilson disapproves sentence of four American soldiers in France ordered to be shot.

May 6. President Wilson orders airplane investigation.

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May 19. Major Lufbery leading American aviator, shot down and killed by German triplane.

May 21. General Peyton C. March made new chief of staff of American Army.

May 23. Hoover, Food Controller, announces eighteen million persons have died from starvation since war began. 

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May 4. Field Marshal Lord French named Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.

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May 6. Foreign Secretary Balfour in British Parliament denies new peace offer is made by Berlin.

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May 18. The Lord Lieutenant of Ireland announces pro-German plot in Ireland; over one hundred Sinn Fein leaders arrested and deported to England. 

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May 9. Second raid on Ostend.

Second German Offensive

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May 27. Germans breach Allied line over forty-mile front between Soissons and Rheims; famous Chemin des Dames ridge being captured in first rush.

May 28. Americans drive Germans from Cantigny.

May 29. -Soissons lost; Rheims held.

May 31. Germans reached Marne. 

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May 2. In Lower House of Prussian Diet Social Democrat motion to restore equal suffrage provision is defeated.

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May 13. German and Austrian Emperors meet and agree upon a close military alliance for 25 years.

Prussian Lower House rejects motion to restore to Franchise Reform Bill provision for equal manhood suffrage

German Emperor proclaims Lithuania as an independent state.

May 1. Legion made of the Czechs and Slavs joins Italians to fight against Austria.

Gavrio Prinzip, Serbian assassin of the Austro-Hungarian Archduke Francis Ferdinand, in July, 1914, died in an Austrian fortress.

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May 7. Preliminary treaty of peace is signed at Bucharest by representatives of Roumania and the four Central Powers. 

May 1. Germans at Sebastopol. 

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May 23. British troopship Moldavia sunk, fifty-three American regulars being drowned. 

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June 3. U-boats raid American shipping off New Jersey coast, one steamer and five schooners being among the first victims.

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June 5. Official figures show twelve American vessels to date sunk by U-boats off our shores.

U-boat activity off American coast continues, eleven vessels sunk to date.

Registration of men twenty-one years of age in United States.

June 7. Lights out in New York, because of U-boat raid off coast.

June 8. United States Government announces about five thousand Germans interned as enemy aliens; three hundred and forty-nine United States prisoners in Germany.

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June 27. Second draft in United States, numbers given. 

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June 11. British Admiralty reports between June 6th and 9th (inclusive), ten air raids bombed Thourout, Zeebrugge lock gates, Brugeoise works, Bruges docks, Bruges Canal, Glustelles, Marialter and St. Denis-Westrem airdromes.

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June 18. British Chancellor of Exchequer introduces in House of Commons vote for credit of $2,500,000,000, making total to date, $36,710,000,000. 

French counter-attack in region of Soissons, recovering ground everywhere.

June 3. Allies check German drive between the Ourcq and the Marne.

June 4. American troops in the Champagne salient aiding French counter-attack near Neuilly wood, hurling back the Germans in Chateau Thierry region.

June 5. French, aided by tanks, recover ground on western flank of Champagne salient; Crown Prince's offensive apparently played out.

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June 7. American marines capture Bouresches and Toray and Belleau wood.

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June 9. Germans launch new drive in great force between Noyon and Montdidier, a front of about twenty miles.

June 10. French report that on second day German forces at great sacrifice take villages of Mery, Belloy, St. Maur and part of Marqueglise.

Germans start powerful drive between Montdidier and Noyon; claim eight thousand prisoners.

June 12. Germans report capture of hilly region around Noyon and seventy-five thousand prisoners and one thousand and fifty guns since May 27.

Germans gain in Aisne drive near Villers-Cotterets.

June 13. London announces German advance has practically ceased in Montdidier-Noyon region.

French and Americans definitely check German Compiegne drive.

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June 30. France recognizes Czecho-Slovaks as an independent nation. 

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June 6. Germans send ultimatum to Russia, Russian Black Sea fleet must be returned to Sebastopol as condition of cessation of advance on Ukraine front; time limit set-for June 14.

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June 27. Von Kuehlmann resigns as German foreign minister. 

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June 19-23. Italians throw Austrians back across the Piave; Austrian losses two hundred thousand.

June 25. Italians capture best of Austrians south of the Piave.

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June 29. American troops reach Italy. 

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June 18. Czecho-Slovaks gathering large force in Siberia in support of Entente Allies.

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June 26. In Western Siberia, Czecho-Slovaks capture Ekaterinburg, in center of Ural mining country.

June 30. English and Japanese land at Vladivostok, patrol streets and enforce neutrality in area where consulates are located, while Czecho-Slovaks and Bolsheviki fight, resulting in victory of Czecho-Slovaks. 

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June 3. Texel sunk by submarine off Atlantic City, N. J.; schooner Edward H. Cole and another vessel sunk by submarine off New Jersey coast, crew rescued by steamship Bristol. Schooner Jacob S. Haskell sunk by gunfire of submarine; crew rescued. Herbert L. Pratt, Standard Oil Co. tank steamship, sunk by German submarine.

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June 10. Two Austrian dreadnoughts torpedoed by Italians in small motor boats, in the Adriatic. 

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July 2. Secretary Baker reports 1,019,115 American troops in France or on the seas.

July 4. Ninety-five ships launched in the United States.

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July 13. General March announces that one million one hundred thousand American troops are on the other side.

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July 18. United States, Japan and Entente Allies agree on intervention in Russia, based on proposals made by Washington.

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July 26. Japan accepts American proposal to aid Czecho-Slovaks in Siberia. 

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July 5. British Air Ministry's weekly statement shows one hundred and twenty-two German machines destroyed, seventy-two driven out of control; British loss, fifty-two; fourteen towns raided; airdrome at Boulay raided six times. Railroad triangle at Metz-Sablens four times, Mannheim four, Saarbrucken and Thionville three, Treves and Frescati two; seven other towns, including Carlsruhe, once. During same period naval airmen bomb docks, submarine bases and naval works at Zeebrugge, Ostend and Bruges.

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July 26. Lloyd George announces strikers must either work or fight. London reports the number of strikers in munition factories has been exaggerated. 

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July 3. Americans take Vaux by assault, five hundred prisoners taken.

July 4. Americans and Australians capture Hamel and Vaire with fifteen hundred prisoners.

French attack near Autreches and capture one thousand and sixty-six Germans.

Last German Offensive

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July 15. Germans launch tremendous offensive on French front from Chateau-Thierry to Massiges, on edge of Argonne forest, about eighty miles; American troops holding important positions.

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July 17. German troops driving toward Paris are checked, while forces south of the Marne are placed in perilous position by Franco-American defense.

July 18. Freneh and Americans start counter-offensive between the Aisne and the Marne on twenty-five-mile front. German flank smashed.

July 22. Franco-Americans penetrate deeper into German flank, despite stubborn resistance; Crown Prince obliged to summon help from the north; Germans counter-attack in endeavor to escape trap; Yankees capture Buzancy, south of Soissons.

July 29. Americans defeat Prussian Guards with enormous losses in fierce fighting on Soissons-Chateau-Thierry front.

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July 2. Berlin reports 176 cannon and 15,024 machine guns captured since March 21.

Germany commands Finnish Diet to establish monarchical rule in Finland, threatening a military dictatorship.

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July 12. German Chancellor continuing peace "offensive," says Germany is willing to receive proposals if made in the "spirit of sincerity." 

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July 3. Italians on lower Piave take nineteen hundred Austrian prisoners.

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July 4. British and French advance on the Asiago plateau.

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July 8. French and Italians start drive in Albania, take one thousand prisoners.

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July 11. Austrian abortive offensive against Italy cost two hundred and fifty thousand men, it is stated by Teuton prisoners. 

July 2. Germany starts force to cross Finland toward Archangel.

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July 4. German army of fifty thousand reported marching to seize Kola, near Archangel .

July 5. Czecko-Slovaks reported as in control of three thousand miles territory in Siberia.

Czecho-Slovaks defeat Bolsheviki two hundred and fifty miles west of Irkutsk, Siberia.

July 10. Bolsheviki threaten to join Germany if Entente Allies intervene in Russia.

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July 15. American troops occupy Murman, northern Russia, to cooperate with British in expedition.

July 16. Ex-Czar shot at Ekaterinburg.

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July 18. Allies begin advance on the Murman coast, northern Russia, against Bolsheviki.

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July 31. General Von Eichhorn, German commander in the Ukraine, assassinated. 

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July 17. Cunard steamship Carpathia (13,603 tons) sunk by German submarine, five of crew killed. 

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Aug. 7. United States to raise army of five million to bring war to close as soon as possible, General March announces.

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Aug. 17. General March says there are one million four hundred and fifty thousand United States soldiers in expeditionary forces in all parts of the world. 

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Aug. 13. The British Government formally recognizes the Czecho-Slovaks as an allied nation.

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Aug. 28. Samuel Gompers and party arrive in England. 

Franco-Americans capture Ourcq watershed, dominating Marne salient; Germans begin general retreat in this region.

Aug. 5. American troops vanquish famous Prussian Guards in bitterest fighting of the war.

Aug. 6. France rewards General Foch with the baton of Marshal of France.

Aug. 8. French and British launch offensive between Amiens and Montdidier, twenty-five-mile front; vast number of tanks used. German lines penetrated to depth of eleven miles; seventeen thousand prisoners and two hundred guns taken first day.

Aug. 10. Allies capture Montdidier.

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Aug. 14. French troops capture Ribecourt; Germans evacuate forward positions at Beaumont-Hamel, Serre, Puisieux and Bucquoy.

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Aug. 21. French capture Lassigny and advance over fifteen-mile front, piercing German lines to depth of five miles.

British attack on ten-mile front in the Acre region, taking Beaucourt, Bucquoy, Achiet-le-Petit and other important places.

Aug. 23. British start new and extended offensive on thirty-mile front between Somme and Arras, capturing Bray, Thiepval and other German strongholds and several thousand prisoners.

Aug. 24. American troops advance as far as the Rheims-Soissons road, Fismes sector.

Aug. 26. British continue Somme-Scarpe drive, capturing, among other places, Wancourt and Monchy on the Hindenburg line.

Aug. 27. French capture Roye and advance two miles beyond.

Aug. 28. French retake Noyon.

Americans participate in sharp thrust in Juvigny region, above Soissons.

British capture Combles in Somme drive.

Aug. 31. Germans begin retreat in Flanders, giving up Mt. Kemmel. 

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Aug. 6. Roumania signs treaty of peace with Central Powers, by which she loses province of Dobrudja, on south side of Danube, and makes economic concessions. 

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Aug. 5. American troops with Allies landed at Archangel, northern Russia, Aug. 2, it is officially announced.

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Aug. 14. Bolsheviki still at peace with United States, although declaring state of war exists between them and France and England.

Aug. 15. First contingent American troops is arriving at Vladivostock.

Allied forces advance in northern Russia, reaching positions two hundred and sixty miles south of Archangel.

British force from Persia takes over part of defense of Baku.

Aug. 19. German Embassy arrives in Petrograd from Moscow, accompanied by eight hundred German soldiers in Russian uniforms.

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Aug. 28. Allies repel Bolshevik forces in big battle on the Ussuri front, north of Vladivostock. 

Sept. 3. United States formally recognizes Czecho-Slovaks as a co-belligerent nation in war against Central Powers.

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Sept. 9. Secretary of War Baker arrives in France on second visit to the front.

Sept. 12. Thirteen million men between ages of thirty-one and forty-five and eighteen and twenty-one register under new draft.

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Sept. 18. United States rejects Austro-Hungarian peace proposal. 

Sept. 5. German retreats extend from Rheims to the sea, one hundred and fifty mile front.

Allied American armies continue to advance on all fronts from Verdun to the sea.

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Sept. 12. Americans and French attack both sides of St. Mihiel salient, advancing on twenty-one-mile front.

Sept 13. Americans eliminate St. Mihiel salient, recovering approximately one hundred and eighty square miles of territory and taking twenty thousand prisoners, two hundred guns.

Sept. 16. American batteries begin shelling Metz.

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Sept. 26. Americans and French begin new attack on the Champagne front and in region on the east; Pershing advances seven miles over twenty-mile front; French thrust forward four miles on twenty-mile stretch.

Sept. 27. British attack in front of Cambrai, breaking Hindenburg line.

French cross railway east of Somme-Py, advancing in some places six and one-half miles and taking ten thousand prisoners; Americans advance farther, with eight thousand prisoners to date.

Sept. 28. Anglo-Belgian attack under King Albert on a twenty-three-mile front from near Dixmude to Ploegsteert; a four-mile advance takes all Houlthulst Forest and four thousand prisoners; British fleet cooperating.

In Champagne, French take Somme-Py and Maure; Americans reach Brieulles and Exermont, taking twenty towns.

Enemy withdraws to the Ailette.

Foch delivers new offensive between Ypres and the North Sea; whole German system of defense being disorganized; four hundred guns, eight thousand prisoners taken on first day.

Sept. 29. Anglo-Belgian progress of four to six miles, with six thousand prisoners; Dixmude, Passchendaele, Gheluvelt, Messines and other places occupied and the Roulers-Menin road reached. British-American battle on a thirty-mile front from north of the Sensee to the neighborhood of St. Quentin; British reach outskirts of Cambrai and break Hindenburg line on a six-mile front between Cambrai and St. Quentin. 

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Sept. 27. German Ambassador, in Vienna, presents Germany's reply to Austro-Hungarian peace note, and says Germany is ready to participate in proposed exchange of ideas.

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Sept. 30. Chancellor Hertling resigns. 

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Sept. 15. Austrian peace note.

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Sept. 23. Serbian troops cut main Bulgar railroad between Uskub and Salonica; advance twenty-five miles in a day.

Allied patrols begin invasion of Bulgaria; Entente forces drive ahead in center in Macedonia.

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Sept. 27. Bulgaria asks Allies for armistice, following defeat of armies in Macedonia.

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Sept. 29. Bulgaria surrenders.

The terms include railway occupation, thus breaking direct German communication with Turkey 

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Sept. 5. Leon Trotzky, Bolsheviki Minister of War, is elected president of the Supreme War Council of Russia.

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Sept. 12. American troops reach Archangel, north Russia, many of them speaking Russian fluently.

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Sept. 19. British rout Turkish army in Palestine, breaking through on a nineteen-mile front between Rafat and the sea---three thousand Turks captured, remainder in flight.

Sept. 22. Nazareth, the birthplace of Christ, captured from the Turks by British.

Sept. 23. Turkish disaster grows; British capture twenty-five thousand prisoners, two hundred and sixty guns.

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Sept. 28. Allenby crosses the Upper Jordan at Jisr Benat, Yak Yakub.

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Sept. 30. Ten thousand more prisoners east of the Jordan. Fall of Damascus. 

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Sept. 6. British transport Persic (12,042 tons) carrying two thousand eight hundred United States troops, torpedoed by German submarine two hundred miles off English coast; all on board saved.

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Sept. 20. Austrian U-boat sinks French submarine Circe; second officer the only survivor.

An enemy submarine captures United States steam trawler Kingfisher after torpedoing it ninety five miles off English coast, the crew escapes.

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Sept. 30. United States steamer Ticonderoga torpedoed in midocean; two army officers, ninety-nine seamen, ten navy officers lost. 

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Oct. 7. German official proposal for so armistice received in Washington; Austria sends similar note.

Oct. 8. President rejects armistice proposals; evacuation of all invaded territory a condition precedent before there can be any talk of truce.
 

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Oct. 19. President Wilson rejects Austria's proposal for an armistice.

Oct. 21. Wilson's reply to German truce proposal demands evacuation of all invaded territory and adequate guarantees.

Oct. 23. President Wilson replies to the German note, says be will take up question of armistice with his co-belligerents; refers details to field commanders and says: "If we must deal with the present Imperial Government of Germany we cannot trust it and must demand surrender."

Oct. 28. Count Andrassy, Austrian Foreign Minister, sends note to Secretary of State Lansing, requesting immediate armistice. 

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Oct. 16. The British Government recognizes the Polish army as an autonomous co-belligerent.

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Oct. 5. Americans advance a mile in attack in the Argonne-Meuse offensive.

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Oct. 8. British, assisted by American troops attack Hindenburg line between St. Quentin and Cambrai at its strongest section.

Oct. 9. Allies capture Cambrai and eight thousand Germans.

Oct. 11. Germans quit Chemin des Dames.

Oct. 14. Allies, in great offensive from Lys River northward, in Flanders, drive Germans headlong in direction of Ghent and Courtrai.

Laon, La Fere and other German strongholds evacuated by Germans without fighting.

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Oct. 17. German advance crumbles from Leon to the sea. British capture Lille; German fourth army crushed.

Allies capture Zeebrugge, U-boat base, Belgian coast; German retreat on one hundred and fifty-mile front from Laon seawards.

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Oct. 24. Franco-American and British armies resume offensive in France and Flanders.

Oct. 25. Persistent French attacks compel wide German retreat in Leon region.

American sixteen-inch naval guns, it is announced for first time, aid in bombarding German lines of communication at great distance.

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Oct. 16. Germany's Federal Council accepts amendment to the Constitution; hereafter consent of Federal Council and of the Reichstag required for peace treaties and for declaration of war, except in case of invasion.

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Oct. 25. Ludendorff resigns.

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Oct. 28. Kaiser Wilhelm writes to Imperial Chancellor, Prince Maximilian of Baden, approving of transfer of "fundamental rights of the Kaiser's person" to the people. 

King Ferdinand of Bulgaria abdicates in favor of the twenty-four-year-old Crown Prince Boris.

Oct. 5. King Boris, new King of Bulgaria, orders demobilization.

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Oct. 15. Czechs, in Prague, Bohemia, start revolt against rule of Austria; martial law proclaimed throughout Bohemia.

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Oct. 18. Czechs occupy Prague, in Bohemia, Czecho-Slovak National Council, sitting in Paris, formally declares independence.

Emperor Charles proclaims plan for federalization of Austria.

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Oct. 25. Italians launch drive against the Austrians between the Brenta and the Piave, crossing river and capturing important heights.

Count Andrassy succeeds Baron Burian as Austrian Premier, Count Albert Apponyi succeeds Dr. Wekerle as Hungarian Premier.

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Oct. 29. Italians break Austrian defense; enemy retreats.

Serbians reach the Danube.

Oct. 31. Austria asks for armistice on field of battle. 

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Oct. 30. Turkey granted armistice.

Oct. 31. Turkey unconditionally surrenders. 

The American freighter Ticonderoga is sunk in mid-ocean by a German submarine; two hundred and forty-three lives are lost.

Oct. 15. S. S. America. 22,622 ton transport, sinks at Hoboken pier. 

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Nov. 8. Great sensation in United States caused by unfounded report that armistice had been signed; wild "peace" celebrations held all over the country.

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Nov. 11. President Wilson reads the terms of the German armistice to Congress in Joint session and announced the end of the war. Similar declarations were made to the British Parliament, the French National Assembly, and at other Allied capitals . In New York and other great cities the event was hailed by celebrations. 

Nov. 7. Americans capture Sedan.

Nov. 8. Foch meets German truce envoys inside French lines at Rethondes, six miles east of Compiegne; refuses Teuton request fighting stop.

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Nov. 9. British capture Maubeuge; French advance over entire front; Americans also push forward on whole line held by them in Verdun region

Foch receives German envoys.

Nov. 11. Armistice terms accepted by Germany. 

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Nov. 7. Bavarian Republic proclaimed.

Germany sends to Foch for armistice terms.

Revolt breaks out in Germany; rebels seize Kiel and most of the fleet, Hamburg and other important seaports and cities, according to reports emanating from Berlin.

Nov. 9. Emperor of Germany abdicates, it is officially announced.

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Nov. 11. Armistice signed. Kaiser, Crown Prince, Hindenburg and other military leaders flee to Holland.

The ex-Kaiser and suite flee to Holland, arriving at Eysden, on the frontier, at 7:30 a.m. Thence he went to the Chateau Middachten. owned by Count William F.C.H. von Bentinck, at de Steeg, a town on the Guelders Yssel, an arm of the Rhine, twelve miles from the German border.

Field Marshal von Hindenburg placed himself and the German army at the disposition of the new people's government at Berlin. Von Hindenburg said he had taken this action "in order to avoid chaos." 

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Nov. 11. Prof. Thomas 0. Masaryk, President of the Czecho-Slovak National Council, is elected President of Czecho-Slovak Republic. The new nation has a population of about eleven million.

Nov. 12. The abdication of Emperor Charles of Austria is officially announced at Vienna.

Nov. 16. The Czecho -Slovak Republic is proclaimed by the National Assembly and the selection of Prof. Thomas G. Masaryk as first President is ratified.

Nov. 17. A Hungarian Republic is formally proclaimed at Budapest. 

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Nov. 15. It is reported that Esthonia, Livonia, and Courland have decided to form a joint Baltic State.

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Nov. 29. A Republic of Lithuania is proclaimed at Riga, with Karl Ullman as first President. 

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Nov. 9. The British battleship Brittania was torpedoed near the west entrance to the Straits of Gibraltar and sank three and one-half hours later, according to an Admiralty announcement; thirty-nine officers and six hundred and seventy-three men were saved. 

Dec. 2. The Sixty-fifth Congress assembles for the short session.

Both branches meet in the House chamber and are addressed by the President, who declares it to be his paramount duty to leave the country and discuss with representatives of the Allies, at Paris, the main features of the treaty of peace.

Dec. 4. President Wilson sails from New York for Europe, to attend conferences on the larger phases of the treaty of peace. 

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Dec. 5. The British Admiralty estimates that the total war loss of merchant tonnage, by Allied and neutral nations, was 15,053,786 gross tons; new construction totaled 10,849,527 tons, while 2,392,675 tons of enemy ships were captured. 

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Jan. 25. The Chief of Staff of the Army reports that when the war ended on November 11, 1918, the United States had the second largest army on the Western front, 1,950,000 men; France had 2,559,000 and the British (including Portuguese) 1,718,000. 

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Jan. 21. The Sinn Fein members elected to the British Parliament meet at Dublin, read a declaration of independence, and proclaim an Irish Republic. 

Jan. 18. The peace congress (without delegates from the defeated powers and Russia) meets at Paris in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; President Poincaré delivers an address of welcome; President Wilson proposes Premier Clemenceau as permanent chairman, and the delegates unanimously elect him.

Jan. 25. Discussion of a League of Nations, in the Peace Conference, is opened by President Wilson; he declares such a league necessary both to make present settlements and to maintain the future peace of the world. 

Jan. 21. Germany, under the draft of the proposed new Constitution, is divided into eight federated republics. The republics of Berlin, of Prussia, of Silesia, of Brandenburg, of Lower Saxony, of Westphalia, of Hesse, and of the Rhinelands. It is provided that the President of the Empire is to be elected by the entire German people for a term of seven years. The Chancellor, to be appointed by the President, will be responsible to the Chamber.